Spray cooling system is widely used, but the existing spray cooling system has some problems, such as low control accuracy, poor resource saving effect, etc. In this paper, by analyzing the droplet evaporation model, the mathematical model of spray cooling system is established, and the spray cooling control based on model predictive control algorithm is designed. In the MATLAB environment, the spray cooling model is simulated by using this algorithm, and the system state, system input and tracking signal are analyzed. The results show that compared with the traditional PID control method, the proposed model predictive control algorithm has better performance in response speed, control accuracy and economic benefits. The research provides a valuable reference for the practical application of spray cooling and improves the control accuracy and efficiency of the system.