Abstract  To improve the heat dissipation efficiency of power batteries under high-power operating conditions and ensure their safety and service life, this paper conducts optimization and simulation research on the heat dissipation structure of liquid cooling plates. Firstly, based on the thermal characteristics of a typical battery module, three-dimensional models of various liquid cooling plate flow channel structures (including traditional serpentine and labyrinthine structures) are established, with all structures adopting a unified parameter design. CFD simulation is used for numerical modeling, where the ambient temperature is set to 25°C, the inlet flow velocity is 0.5 m/s, and the outlet is configured as a pressure outlet with 0 Pa. The heat transfer forms are specified: natural convection between the battery pack and the environment with a constant heat transfer coefficient of 5 W/(m2·K), and heat conduction between the liquid cooling plate and the battery. Meanwhile, the contact surfaces between the cooling liquid and the liquid cooling plate, as well as between the liquid cooling plate and the battery, are set as fluid-solid coupling contact heat transfer surfaces. Secondly, the core performances of different flow channel structures in terms of temperature distribution, maximum temperature difference, and flow velocity distribution are analyzed emphatically. The simulation results show that the labyrinthine flow channel exhibits significant advantages: the maximum battery temperature is 27.73°C, which is 0.30°C lower than the 28.03°C of the serpentine structure; the maximum temperature of the liquid cooling plate is 25.23°C, 0.11°C lower than the 25.34°C of the serpentine structure, with a along-path temperature difference of only 0.23°C and a gentler temperature gradient. The average flow velocity of the cooling liquid in the labyrinthine flow channel remains 0.50 m/s, with uniform flow velocity distribution and enhanced turbulent disturbance, eliminating local low-velocity zones. It performs optimally in balancing heat dissipation uniformity, flow resistance, and heat-mass transfer efficiency, providing accurate theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient design of power battery thermal management systems.

By preparing CrMn?FeNi high-entropy alloys with different Mn contents, CrMn?FeNi (x = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) high-entropy alloys were studied, and the effects of Mn content on the crystal structure and mechanical properties were explored. The results show that the CrMn?.?FeNi high-entropy alloy has a single-phase FCC structure, while CrMnFeNi, CrMn?.?FeNi, and CrMn?.?FeNi have a two-phase FCC + BCC structure. With the gradual increase of Mn content, lattice distortion occurs inside the alloy, which in turn triggers a phase transformation. An increasing amount of Mn elements accumulates at the grain boundaries, forming a BCC phase with a certain dendritic morphology. This structural change, by introducing and increasing the hard BCC second phase, results in a strengthening effect dominated by second-phase reinforcement. Simultaneously, the lattice distortion stress field induced by Mn atoms dissolving into the matrix increases the resistance to dislocation motion, providing an additional contribution to solid solution strengthening. Together, these mechanisms collectively lead to a continuous increase in the hardness of the CrMnxFeNi high-entropy alloy.

Different types of staggered variable-diameter flow field structure have been analyzed by computational fluid dynamics software COMSOL Multiphysics to investigate the effects of throttling width and throttling length ratio on mass transfer and performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The results show that proper throttling width and throttling length ratio can significantly improve uniformity of oxygen concentration distribution which results in an improved output performance, and the water removal is enhanced as well.

 This paper proposes a virtual assembly practical teaching model for the teaching of aviation engine maintenance practices. A virtual assembly practical teaching platform based on the Piston 5-type aviation engine has been constructed. This paper details the design concepts and content of the practical teaching platform, providing a dynamic and interactive cognitive approach to address challenges in aviation engine education and practice. The application of the platform in the course has been summarized. Through practical implementation, the platform has demonstrated both practicality and operability, allowing for a more diverse representation of teaching. The pass rate of students has increased threefold compared to before its implementation, and the failure rate has decreased from 16.7% to 0%, achieving excellent teaching results.

A new straw processing equipment that integrates crushing, puffing, and granulation functions has been designed to address the issues of single-function, low efficiency, and high energy consumption in traditional straw processing equipment. By analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different crushers, puffing devices, and granulation devices, the optimal combination of hammer-type crushers, segmented screw puffing devices, and ring die roller granulation devices was determined. Using SolidWorks and ANSYS, finite element analysis was conducted on the key component, the screw, to verify its structural strength and stability. The research findings indicate that this integrated equipment can efficiently perform straw crushing, puffing, and granulation, significantly enhancing the efficiency of straw feed utilization and providing technical support for the high-value utilization of straw resources.

This paper investigated the effect of quasi-static and high strain rates on mechanical properties and microstructural evolution of BQ&P steel. The quasi-static compression tests were conducted using a universal testing machine at a strain rate of 0.001-0.1 /s, while the high strain rate impact tests were conducted using split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) at a strain rate of 2200-3600/s. The results indicated that BQ&P steel exhibits stronger strain rate sensitivity during high strain rate impact processes. The Peierls mechanism is of great significance for BQ&P steel under quasi-static compression, and the carbon solute mechanism is the main deformation mechanism under high strain rate impact. There are BCC structured bainite/martensite, FCC structured RA, and HCP structured ε-martensite in BQ&P steel. Different deformations led to different transformations of the three phases, and EBSD analysis revealed different orientation relationships between the phases.

With the continuous advancement of social and economic development, the automobile industry is exhibiting a trend of diversified growth, and the iteration rate of new models has significantly accelerated. This rapid industrial evolution has notably shortened the design and usage cycle of welding fixtures in automotive production lines, leading to such equipment entering a phase of premature obsolescence and abandonment. To address this issue, a systematic approach can be adopted: conducting comprehensive statistical analysis of abandoned idle welding fixtures, establishing a welding fixture database, and leveraging grouping technology to recombine and optimize the design of these fixtures. This enables them to meet the requirements of new production lines and facilitates their reintroduction into active use. This method not only effectively minimizes the waste of welding fixture resources but also substantially enhances the economic efficiency of the automotive manufacturing process.

 In this paper, a guided wave model of the L(0,1) mode of the pipeline is constructed based on COMSOL to explore the influence of different defect parameters on the echo characteristics, and numerical simulation is carried out using a 35 kHz Hanning window signal. Combined with MATLAB, a defect location algorithm was developed to conduct a comparative analysis of full-penetration cracks from multiple angles. The results show that the traditional damage coefficient method has significant instability in circumferential positioning, while the circular trajectory curve method can achieve higher accuracy at all angles, especially at 45 ° to 60 ° The research verified the effectiveness and innovation points of this method in improving the circumferential positioning accuracy of defects in guided wave pipelines

This study developed a heterogeneous catalytic system based on macroporous strongly basic styrene-type cation exchange resins for the synthesis of neopentyl glycol dimethacrylate using neopentyl glycol and methyl methacrylate as raw materials. The effects of key reaction parameters, including reactant ratio, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and time, on the conversion rate were systematically investigated, and the optimal process conditions were determined. Under these conditions, the conversion of neopentyl glycol reached 70.61%. The product was jointly characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography, and the results confirmed the successful synthesis of the target compound.

To address optical interference and safety hazards caused by rain and fog adhesion on glass surfaces, this study successfully prepared a nanocomposite spray with efficient anti-rain and anti-fog performance through a two-step modification process. Using nano-SiO? as the substrate, surface graft modification was first performed with 3-isocyanatopropyltrimethoxysilane (IPTS), followed by secondary modification with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysilane (PFDTMS) to construct a low surface energy micro-nano structure. The IPTS modification temperature, IPTS mass percentage, PFDTMS addition amount, and modification time were optimized through orthogonal experiments. Under the optimal process conditions determined as follows: IPTS modification temperature of 50°C, IPTS mass percentage of 7%, PFDTMS addition amount of 1.5g, and PFDTMS modification time of 5h, the contact angle of the coating after curing on the glass surface reached 162.041°. After diluting the anti-rain and anti-fog spray stock solution by 2.3 times, the contact angle still maintained a superhydrophobic effect of 148.889°. Simulation experiments verified that the hydrophobic coating exhibits excellent waterproof and anti-fog properties. This research provides a promising solution for the development of high-performance anti-rain and anti-fog materials, with potential applications in automotive, architectural, and photovoltaic glass fields.

The aqueous extracts of different fermented teas ( Resveratrol, Res) were investigated for the improvement of insulin resistance in mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the molecular mechanism of insulin resistance.MTT method was used to detect the effects of different doses of aqueous extracts of different fermented teas on the proliferation of 3T3-L1 cells at 24 h. An insulin resistance model was constructed and oil red O staining was used to observe the effects of aqueous extracts of different fermented teas on the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells; the effects of white and green tea on the adipocyte differentiation-related factors UCP-1, PGC-1α, PPAR, PGC-1α, PPAR, PGC-1α, PPAR and PPAR on adipocyte cell differentiation-related factors were examined using Real time PCR technology.-1α, PPARα, NRF1α, and β3-AR mRNA expression.The results of Oleoresin O showed that all four different fermented teas had certain effects on improving insulin resistance, among which the effects of white tea and green tea were more obvious.The PCR results showed that white tea up-regulated the expression of genes such as UCP-1, PPARα, and β3-AR, while green tea up-regulated the expression of UCP-1 gene, which may be the reason for its improvement of insulin sensitivity.

Using sunflower heads as raw material, this study investigated the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents in different solvent extracts of ethanol extracts, along with the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of each extract. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities and total reducing power as indicators, while the correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity was analyzed. The results showed that: Antibacterial activity was studied by measuring inhibition zone diameter, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum lethal concentration (MBC). The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents at 9.04±0.92 mg/g and 4.30±0.021 mg/g, respectively. All solvent extracts demonstrated antioxidant and antibacterial activity, with the ethyl acetate extract exhibiting the strongest antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Total phenolic and flavonoid content in different sunflower head extracts showed extremely significant correlations (P<0.01) with DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging capacities and total reducing power. These findings provide a practical foundation for the development and utilization of sunflower heads.

Gold nanowires (GNWs) are widely used due to their many excellent properties. Because of their good saturable absorption properties, they can be used in laser mode-locking technology. Using the idea of realizing saturable absorption using its properties of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), the saturable absorber properties of gold nanocrystals and gold nanorod materials were studied, and it was found that they have good saturable absorption properties. In addition, the saturable absorber is the core component of the passive mode-locked fiber laser, and its performance characteristics will greatly affect the output of the laser. By studying the saturable absorption characteristics of GNWs in the 1.56 μm band, it was found that they exhibit good saturable absorption characteristics at the wavelength of 1560 nm, so they can be applied in the laser field.

 Taking a chemical industrial site in Jilin City as a case study, a preliminary monitoring analysis and environmental assessment were conducted on the surrounding soil. The study analyzed the current status of soil contamination, the primary sources of pollutants, potential contaminants, and their spatial distribution characteristics. Utilizing methods such as field sampling and exploration, soil samples were collected from different functional zones of the chemical plant and tested for heavy metals. The detected heavy metals included arsenic、cadmium、copper、lead、nickel、mercury、and hexavalent chromium , with arsenic and nickel levels exceeding standard limits at some sampling points. Based on the test results, this paper proposes corresponding recommendations for soil pollution prevention and control measures, providing a scientific basis for soil environmental protection and management.

 Breast cancer, as one of the most prevalent malignancies among women worldwide, exhibits significant heterogeneity in patient survival prognosis. This study proposes the DAIF-Cox model(Denoising Autoencoder with lterative Fusion and Cox Analysis) for breast cancer survival risk assessment, utilizing genomic data and whole-slide pathological image data from the TCGA database. The model employs a denoising autoencoder for feature compression, integrates an iterative attention mechanism for multimodal fusion, and ultimately constructs a Cox proportional hazards model for survival risk assessment.Experimental results demonstrate that the multimodal-fused DAlF-Cox model significantly outperforms unimodal models in survival prediction. Furthermore, ten key genes closely associated with breast cancer prognosis were successfully identified using XGBoost and Lasso regression methods, providing reliable candidates for prognostic gene analysis in breast cancer.