In order to improve the thermal conductivity, aging and other mechanical properties of carbon fiber composite materials, this article discusses the preparation process of using epoxy resin as the matrix and carbon fiber with excellent mechanical properties as the thermal conductive carrier to prepare thermally conductive composite materials with good performance. At the same time, the heat conduction mechanism of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix and the scientific research status of epoxy resin based thermal conductive composite materials in recent years are studied.