Optimize the process conditions for the extraction of Anthocyanin from Aronia melanocarpa Fruit by Ionic liquid Ultrasound Assisted. Using the extraction rate of anthocyanins as an index, the method of ultrasonic assisted extraction of anthocyanins from the fruit of the Aronia melanocarpa was studied by single factor and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimal conditions were ethanol concentration 80%, liquid solid ratio 1:25, extraction temperature 65 ℃, extraction time 3 h, ultrasonic power 70 W,1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide was identified as the ionic liquid used in the subsequent experiments, and the concentration was 0.5 mol/L. Under the optimized extraction process conditions, the extraction rate of Anthocyanin can reach 8.8242 mg/g. The extraction rate of Anthocyanin from Aronia melanocarpa Fruit by optimized Ionic liquid Ultrasound Assisted is high, that provides the basis for the development and utilization of the Aronia melanocarpa Fruit.