Following learners’ autonomy, teachers’ autonomy has become a new center in the field of education. Many scholars have performed in-depth theoretical and practical research on this subject, actively analyzed the concept and connotation, and comprehensively discussed the approaches and means of implementing the autonomy. On this basis, the study of English major teachers’ autonomy and its influence on teaching ability is obviously of great help to further explore the universal applicability of it. This paper makes a conceptual definition of college English major teachers’ autonomy according to the specific teaching situation and investigates the situation of English major teachers’ autonomy through a questionnaire, which is of great theoretical guiding value to explore the corresponding countermeasures.