Based on the neural network model, this paper studied the impact of the opening of urban residential areas on the surrounding road traffic. Firstly, the evaluation index system of the impact of the closed community opened on the urban road capacity is constructed, and the quantitative analysis is carried out by using SPSS and MATLAB. Four evaluation indexes are selected, including the number of paths, the area of the road infrastructure, the non-linear coefficient and the blocking rate of the intersection. The improved BPR model is established. Through the calculation of the traffic index, the opening of the closed community is studied to improve the surrounding roads. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by empirical analysis.