By using the methods of literature and logical analysis, this paper analyses the profound ideological and artistic force "national martial spirit" shown by the hero of Lu Xun's famous novel Medicine. It shows Xia Yu's heroic justice from the perspective of culture and history, and takes the "national martial spirit" of this ideological and artistic force as the research object. The study holds that Xia Yu's "heroic justice" is a kind of "individual chivalry" under the specific historical conditions at that time, but this kind of "individual chivalry" is the "spark of prairie fire" of the rise of the Chinese nation's martial spirit in the later period; the consciousness construction from "individual chivalry" to "group chivalry" is the result of the unremitting efforts of many Xia Yus and the presentation of the idea of "the whole nation' advocating martial arts". Which forms the consciousness construction and value identification towards chivalry, martial arts and patriotism in the whole society in a specific era. Finally, the realization from "the great chivalrous man" to "the national martial arts spirit" which is for the country and the people promoted the rise of patriotism and revolutionary victory of the Chinese nation.