In view of the problems such as large size, unstable performance, high power consumption, high cost and low efficiency of the control system of seeding robot. A sowing robot based on STM32 microcontroller is designed. The design to STM32F103ZET6 microcontroller as the core, L298N chip to drive the motor, DHT11 chip to detect the temperature and humidity of the soil, infrared sensor and ultrasonic sensor together avoid obstacles on the road for seeding robot, ATK-ESP8266 WIFI module remote control of the robot, and reserve the monolith I/O port, easy to add functions. This design focuses on the analysis of the motor drive module and the software design process of temperature and humidity acquisition. This design scheme solves the problems existing in the seeding robot to a great extent, and make seeding robot more convenient in use.