To study the results of radical surgery with or without adjuvant radiotherapy for primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast. Methods:Data of patients were obtained from the SEER database, which was diagnosed histologically primary squamous cell carcinoma of the breast. The competing hazards model, Kaplan-Meier method and Lasso Cox regression model were used to evaluate the effect of surgical type with or without adjuvant radiotherapy on cause-specific survival and overall survival.Results:A total of 454 patients with primary breast squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. The multivariate competitive risk model analysis showed that patients receiving mastectomy alone had a higher risk of dying of cancer than patients receiving tumor resection plus adjuvant radiotherapy(HR 1.77, p<0.05). According to Kaplan Meier analysis, the survival rate of patients receiving tumor resection plus adjuvant radiotherapy is higher than that of patients receiving tumor resection, mastectomy and mastectomy plus adjuvant radiotherapy. Conclusion: Tumor resection plus adjuvant radiotherapy significantly improves the survival rate, which may be a treatment option for primary breast squamous cell carcinoma.