Based on ergonomics, this paper studies the optimization of the layout of inpatient department in hospital by taking the gastroenterology department of R hospital in J city as an example. Through field visits and questionnaire surveys, problems in the current layout of inpatient department in the gastroenterology department are found. Based on ergonomics, this paper optimizes the layout, and uses Flexsim simulation to compare the layout before and after optimization, so as to verify the effectiveness of the optimization scheme.