By examining the historical background of the creation of haiku by Matsuo Basho, a Japanese poet who founded the Matsuo Basho’s haiku school, the limitation and progress of Basho’s haiku creation in the cultural tide of Edo citizen were pointed out. By sorting out Basho’s creative themes, and trying to translate and interpret some of his masterpieces, Basho’s people-oriented creation purpose, the feelings of ‘universality and moment grasping’ for the common people and the value of the times were explored.