Isonitriles have been used as common synthesizers of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds because of their special structure. This method of constructing nitrogen-containing heterocyclic skeleton has been widely used in organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and polymer science. In this paper, the cyclization reaction of active methylene isonitrile and cyclopropenone [3+3] was studied, combined with the related research progress and existing problems of active methylene isonitrile in the construction of nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, and combined with the reaction characteristics of cyclopropenone. This reaction provides a new and efficient method for the synthesis of 4-hydroxypyridine compounds. In addition, this method has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, simple operation and high yield.