Blockchain was first used as a basic core technology in digital cryptocurrency, and has gradually come into public view in recent years with the rapid rise of bitcoin.Due to the decentralization of blockchain, tamper-proof and other features have attracted more and more attention.And the current value of blockchain has exceeded bitcoin itself. It can fundamentally change the current business model, production relationship and existing trust mechanism of human society, which will cause another huge disruption to the existing life of human beings.In this paper, the generation process of blockchain is explained in a simple and profound way, and the design and structure of blockchain is analyzed by combining with ethereum network, and related technical applications of blockchain are summarized.Based on the current market situation, this paper makes a brief analysis of the actual application scenarios and future development of blockchain technology.