In the context of the developed industrial society in the 19th century, Marcuse inherited Marx's ecological thought critically, he explored the deep root and concrete expression of natural alienation with alienation as the logical starting point. The whole cognition of ecological thought formed, and a new path of liberation of human and nature was explored in the process, among which the cognitive logic, liberation path and appeals for values contained in it are still the scientific guide for solving ecological problems at present. The study provides an important guideline for promoting ecological civilization construction in China.