The black soil in the cold region is called “black gold” and is fertile. The study of its quality is extremely important to the agricultural soil ecosystem. In this paper, the black soil in the cold area greenhouse was studied, and the soil quality was evaluated by soil membership function, composite evaluation index, comprehensive pollution index and potential ecological risk index and other factors. The study found that the soil is silty loam and is acidic; the content of organic matter conformities to the third level of the soil nutrient classification standard in the second national soil survey of China. Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium conformity to the first level of the soil nutrient classification standard in the second national soil survey of China. The potential ecological hazard rating of soil heavy metals is low.