The method and technology of sensing, analyzing and detecting the biological macromolecules and drugs by biosensors is an important subject in biomedicine and materials science. The design and development of sensitive and easy-to-operate detection materials for biological macromolecules and drug molecules is a hotspot in this field in recent years. Due to the limitation of its structure or performance, it is difficult to meet the detection requirements by using a single material. It is a key basic subject to design and construct a material system with special structure by compounding two or more materials to obtain a composite drug detection system with excellent comprehensive performance. In this study, an intelligent biosensor based on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and graphene oxide was investigated. The detection limit, detection range, selectivity and stability of the composite smart biosensor for vitamin B₆ were studied. The excellent performance of CMC as matrix material of biosensor was revealed.